Ingredient
Suite

Alpha arbutin is a stable, water-soluble glycoside of hydroquinone used in skincare as a gentle brightening active that helps reduce the appearance of uneven pigmentation.

Arbutin is a naturally occurring glycoside of hydroquinone (the beta isomer) used in skincare as a brightening active that helps reduce the look of uneven pigmentation.

Vitamin C in cosmetics refers to L-ascorbic acid and its more stable derivatives, used as antioxidants that support brightening, even tone and collagen-related skin health.

Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid used in skincare to help even tone, calm blemish-prone skin and reduce the look of redness.

Bearberry extract (Arctostaphylos uva ursi) is a botanical naturally rich in arbutin, used in skincare as a gentle, plant-based brightening active for uneven tone.

Ferulic acid is a plant-derived antioxidant used in skincare mainly to stabilise and boost other antioxidants — notably vitamins C and E — while adding its own free-radical protection.

Kojic acid is a fungal-derived organic acid used in skincare as a brightening active that inhibits melanin formation to help fade the look of dark spots.

Licorice root extract is a botanical brightening and soothing active whose key compounds, notably glabridin and liquiritin, help even skin tone and calm visible redness.

Mulberry extract (Morus alba) is a botanical used in skincare for brightening and antioxidant support, valued for helping even the look of skin tone.

N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) is an amino sugar used in skincare to support a more even tone and hydration, often paired with niacinamide as a hyaluronic-acid precursor.

Niacinamide is the amide form of vitamin B3 (niacin), a water-soluble multifunctional cosmetic active widely used for brightening, barrier support and sebum regulation.

Resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenol antioxidant (found in grapes and Japanese knotweed) used in skincare for antioxidant, brightening and anti-ageing support.

Rice ferment filtrate is a postbiotic ingredient produced by fermenting rice, rich in amino acids, organic acids and vitamins, used in skincare for brightening, conditioning and barrier support.

Tranexamic acid is a synthetic amino-acid derivative (of lysine) used topically in skincare to help reduce the appearance of stubborn discolouration and uneven tone.

Argan oil is a plant oil from the Moroccan argan tree, rich in oleic and linoleic fatty acids and natural vitamin E, used as a conditioning emollient for both skin and hair.

Astaxanthin is a red carotenoid antioxidant, typically sourced from microalgae, used in skincare at very low levels for strong antioxidant protection and anti-ageing support.

Avocado oil is a rich plant oil high in oleic acid and unsaponifiables, used in skincare as a deeply nourishing emollient for dry, mature and rough skin.

Betaine (trimethylglycine) is a naturally derived humectant and osmolyte used in skincare to hydrate and to help protect skin cells against osmotic and environmental stress.

Butylene glycol is a small glycol used in skincare as a lightweight humectant and solvent that hydrates, improves texture and helps dissolve botanical extracts and other actives.

Ceramides are skin-identical barrier lipids that make up a large part of the skin's outer barrier; replenishing them helps restore a healthy, resilient, well-hydrated barrier.

Cholesterol is one of the three core lipids of the skin barrier, used in skincare alongside ceramides and fatty acids to help rebuild and reinforce a healthy, resilient barrier.

Coconut oil is a saturated plant oil used in skincare as a rich, occlusive emollient that softens skin and helps reduce water loss, best suited to body care and dry skin.

Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is a lipid-soluble antioxidant naturally present in skin cells, used in skincare to support antioxidant defence and a more energised, youthful-looking complexion.

Copper peptides (copper tripeptide-1, GHK-Cu) are copper-bound signal peptides used in skincare to support skin repair, firmness and a healthy-looking complexion.

Dimethicone is a silicone widely used in skin and hair care to give a silky, smooth feel, form a breathable protective film and reduce water loss.

Ectoin is a biotech-derived extremolyte (a compatible-solute osmolyte) used in skincare as a molecular shield that supports hydration, barrier resilience and defence against environmental stress.

Glycerin is a small, water-soluble humectant and one of the most widely used and best-established moisturising ingredients in skincare.

Grapeseed oil is a lightweight plant oil rich in linoleic acid and antioxidant polyphenols, used in skincare as a fast-absorbing emollient well suited to oily and combination skin.

Hemp seed oil is a lightweight plant oil with a balanced profile of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, used in skincare as a conditioning emollient that suits most skin types (it is not the same as CBD).

Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan and one of the most widely used cosmetic humectants, able to bind large amounts of water to hydrate and plump the skin surface.

Inulin is a plant-derived prebiotic fibre used in skincare to support a balanced skin microbiome by nourishing beneficial skin bacteria.

Jojoba oil is a liquid wax ester from the jojoba plant that closely resembles the skin's own sebum, used as a lightweight, highly stable emollient that softens and conditions without heaviness.

Lanolin is a rich, skin-lipid-like emollient derived from wool wax, used in skincare to soften and occlude very dry skin and lips, closely mimicking the skin's own surface lipids.

Lecithin is a naturally derived phospholipid used in skincare as a skin-conditioning emollient and emulsifier that can also form liposomes to help deliver other actives.

Linoleic acid is an essential omega-6 fatty acid (part of 'vitamin F') used in skincare to support the skin barrier and improve the feel of dry and blemish-prone skin.

Marula oil is an African plant oil rich in oleic acid and antioxidants, used in skincare as a fast-absorbing, stable emollient that softens and conditions.

Palmitoyl peptides (such as palmitoyl pentapeptide-4, the Matrixyl type) are lipid-tailed signal peptides used in skincare to support firmness and the look of fine lines.

Panthenol is the provitamin form of vitamin B5, a versatile humectant used in skincare and haircare for hydration, soothing and improved softness.

Pentylene glycol is a multifunctional glycol used in skincare as a humectant and solvent that also provides mild antimicrobial activity, helping support a formula's preservation.

Petrolatum is a highly effective occlusive used in skincare to seal the skin surface and dramatically reduce water loss, making it a benchmark ingredient for protecting and repairing dry, compromised skin.

Phytosphingosine is a naturally occurring sphingoid lipid (a ceramide building block) used in skincare to support the barrier, soothe and provide mild antimicrobial benefits.

Polyglutamic acid (PGA) is a fermentation-derived humectant that binds large amounts of water at the skin surface, often described as holding even more moisture than hyaluronic acid.

Propanediol is a naturally derived humectant and solvent used in skincare to hydrate, improve texture and help dissolve other actives, often as a gentler alternative to propylene glycol.

Rosehip oil is a lightweight plant oil rich in linoleic and linolenic fatty acids and natural carotenoids, used in skincare to condition, support the barrier and improve the look of tone and texture.

Shea butter is a rich plant butter from the African shea tree, valued in skincare as a nourishing emollient that softens, comforts and supports the skin barrier.

Sodium PCA is a highly effective humectant and a natural component of the skin's own moisturising factor, used to hydrate and improve suppleness with a light feel.

Sorbitol is a plant-derived sugar alcohol used in skincare as a humectant that draws and holds water while adding a smooth, slightly sweet-feeling texture.

Squalane is a lightweight, stable emollient derived by hydrogenating squalene, closely matching the skin's own lipids to soften and support the barrier without heaviness.

Sweet almond oil is a mild, nourishing plant oil rich in oleic acid, used in skincare as a gentle emollient that softens and soothes dry, sensitive skin.

Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide used in skincare as a humectant and osmoprotectant, known for helping cells and biomolecules withstand dehydration stress.

Urea is a naturally occurring component of the skin's moisturising factor, used in skincare as a humectant at low levels and as a gentle keratolytic (softening) agent at higher levels.

Tocopherol (vitamin E) is a lipid-soluble antioxidant widely used in skincare to protect skin lipids and formula oils from oxidation while conditioning and softening the skin.

Adenosine is a nucleoside signalling ingredient used at low levels in skincare to support smoother texture and a reduction in the look of fine lines.

Alpha lipoic acid (thioctic acid) is a versatile antioxidant that is both water- and oil-soluble, used in skincare for antioxidant protection and a smoother, more refined-looking complexion.

Bakuchiol is a plant-derived active (from Psoralea corylifolia) used in skincare as a gentle, stable alternative to retinol that supports smoother texture and more even tone.

Citric acid is an alpha hydroxy acid used in skincare both as a gentle surface exfoliant and, at low levels, as a pH adjuster and metal chelator that improves formula stability.

Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) used as a very gentle exfoliant that also hydrates and provides antioxidant support, suiting sensitive skin that cannot tolerate stronger acids.

Glycolic acid is the smallest alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), a water-soluble surface exfoliant that loosens dead skin cells to improve tone, texture and radiance.

Lactic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that gently exfoliates the skin surface while also acting as a humectant, making it a milder, hydrating option for improving tone and texture.

Lactobionic acid is a polyhydroxy (bionic) acid used in skincare as a very gentle exfoliant that strongly hydrates and provides antioxidant and metal-chelating benefits, suiting sensitive skin.

Malic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid with a larger molecule than glycolic acid, used to gently exfoliate and even skin tone, often as part of AHA blends.

Mandelic acid is a gentle alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from almonds, with a larger molecule than glycolic acid, used to exfoliate, even tone and support blemish-prone skin with less irritation.

Papain is a protein-digesting enzyme from papaya used in skincare as a gentle exfoliant that breaks down dead surface skin cells without acids or scrubbing.

Phytic acid is a plant-derived acid (from rice bran and seeds) used in skincare as a very gentle exfoliant and brightener that also acts as an antioxidant and metal chelator.

Retinal (retinaldehyde) is a vitamin A derivative just one conversion step from retinoic acid, used in skincare as a fast-acting alternative to retinol for smoother texture and more even tone.

Retinol is a form of vitamin A and one of the most well-studied cosmetic actives for skin renewal, supporting smoother texture, more even tone and the appearance of firmness over time.

Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA), an oil-soluble exfoliant that penetrates pores to help clear congestion and support clearer, blemish-prone skin.

Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid used in skincare mainly in products for blemish-prone and oily skin, valued as a gentle, multi-tasking ingredient for clearer-looking skin.

Tartaric acid is an alpha hydroxy acid from grapes, used in skincare for gentle exfoliation and as a pH buffer that helps stabilise multi-acid formulas.

Algae extract is a marine ingredient rich in polysaccharides, minerals and antioxidants, used in skincare to hydrate, soothe and support a healthy-looking, protected complexion.

Allantoin is a gentle, widely used soothing and skin-conditioning active that helps calm the skin, support smoothness and improve comfort.

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) leaf juice is a botanical hydrating and soothing ingredient valued for calming, refreshing and lightly moisturising the skin.

Beta-glucan is a soothing, hydrating polysaccharide (often from oats or yeast) used in skincare to calm sensitive skin, support the barrier and hold water at the surface.

Bisabolol is a gentle soothing active, originally from chamomile, used in skincare to calm irritation, reduce the look of redness and improve skin comfort.

Calendula (marigold) extract is a botanical long used in skincare to soothe, comfort and support the recovery of sensitive, irritated and dry skin.

Centella asiatica, often called cica, is a botanical soothing active whose key compounds (madecassoside, asiaticoside and related triterpenes) help calm, support barrier repair and reduce the look of redness.

Chamomile extract (Chamomilla recutita / Matricaria) is a soothing botanical used in skincare to calm sensitive skin and reduce the look of redness, and is a natural source of bisabolol.

Colloidal oatmeal is finely milled whole oat, used in skincare as a soothing, barrier-supporting ingredient recognised for calming dry, itchy and sensitive skin.

Cucumber extract (Cucumis sativus) is a gentle botanical used in skincare to soothe, refresh and lightly hydrate, popular in products for tired, sensitive and warm skin.

Ginseng root extract (Panax ginseng) is a botanical rich in saponins called ginsenosides, used in skincare for antioxidant protection and a revitalised, radiant-looking complexion.

Green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) is a botanical rich in polyphenol antioxidants — notably EGCG — used in skincare to soothe, protect against environmental stress and help balance oily, blemish-prone skin.

Honey (Mel) is a natural humectant used in skincare to hydrate, soothe and comfort the skin, with documented mild antibacterial character.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a mild, skin-compatible antimicrobial molecule (the same one produced by the body's own immune cells) used in skincare to cleanse and calm blemish-prone and sensitive skin.

Mugwort extract (Artemisia vulgaris) is a botanical popular in K-beauty for soothing sensitive, reactive skin and providing antioxidant support.

Propolis is a bee-derived resin used in skincare for its soothing, antioxidant and antibacterial character, popular in products for sensitive and blemish-prone skin.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a botanical rich in omega fatty acids, carotenoids and vitamins, used in skincare for antioxidant protection, soothing and support of dry, stressed skin.

Snail secretion filtrate, commonly called snail mucin, is a naturally derived ingredient rich in glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and other skin-friendly molecules, used for hydration, soothing and a smooth, repaired-looking complexion.

Willow bark extract (Salix alba) is a botanical containing salicin (a natural precursor to salicylic acid), used in skincare as a gentle, plant-based option for smoother, clearer-looking skin.

Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) is a tannin-rich botanical used in skincare as a gentle astringent and soothing ingredient, popular in toners and products for oily and blemish-prone skin.

Zinc oxide is a mineral used in skincare as a broad-spectrum UV filter and a recognised skin protectant that also soothes and comforts sensitive and irritated skin.

Zinc PCA is the zinc salt of the skin's own PCA, used in skincare to help regulate oil, soothe and support clearer, blemish-prone skin while adding light hydration.

Arginine is an amino acid used in skin and hair care as a gentle humectant, a natural pH adjuster and a conditioning ingredient that supports softness and manageability.

Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin used in hair- and skin-care formulas as a conditioning ingredient, most often featured in products marketed for hair and scalp.

Caffeine is a plant-derived methylxanthine used in cosmetics as an antioxidant and stimulating active, popular in scalp, hair and eye-area products.

Castor oil (Ricinus communis) is a thick plant oil rich in ricinoleic acid, used in hair, brow and lip products as a conditioning, occlusive emollient that adds shine and a smooth feel.

Hydrolyzed keratin is a water-soluble protein derived from keratin, used in hair care to condition, smooth and temporarily improve the look and feel of strength in the hair.

Hydrolyzed wheat protein is a plant-derived protein used in hair (and skin) care to condition, add body and volume, and improve moisture retention through a light conditioning film.

Menthol is a cooling active (from mint) used in scalp, body and after-sun products to give a fresh, cooling, tingling sensation and a temporary soothing feel.

Rosemary extract is a botanical rich in antioxidant polyphenols (such as rosmarinic and carnosic acids) used in scalp and hair care to support a healthy scalp environment and in skincare as an antioxidant.

Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) is an essential oil with well-documented antimicrobial character, used in scalp and skincare products for blemish-prone skin and a clarified, comfortable scalp.