What it does
- Protects skin and formula lipids from free-radical (oxidative) damage.
- Conditions and softens; supports the barrier.
- Stabilises oils and other antioxidants in a formula.
How it works
Vitamin E is the skin's main lipid-soluble antioxidant, neutralising free radicals in the oil phase and cell membranes. It is widely documented to work synergistically with vitamin C, which helps regenerate it, and it also protects a formula's oils from going rancid. Tocopherol and tocopheryl acetate are the common cosmetic forms; the acetate is more stable but less directly active.
Use level
- Typical use level
- typically 0.5–1%
Commonly used at 0.5–1% (up to about 2%). Often paired with vitamin C and ferulic acid in antioxidant serums.
Formulation considerations
- Oil-soluble; add to the oil phase.
- Doubles as a skin active and an oil-stabiliser.
- Tocopheryl acetate is more stable; free tocopherol is more active but oxidation-prone.
What it pairs with & what to avoid
Pairs well with
- Vitamin C and ferulic acid (classic antioxidant network)
- Facial oils and emollients
- Most oil-phase actives
Use with care / avoid
- No notable incompatibilities
Regulatory status
Tocopherol and its esters are listed in the EU CosIng database and are long-established cosmetic ingredients.
Common questions
What does vitamin E do for skin?
It is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects skin lipids and formula oils from oxidation, and conditions and softens skin.
What percentage of vitamin E should I use?
Commonly 0.5–1%.
Can I use vitamin E with vitamin C?
Yes; they are a classic pairing — vitamin C helps regenerate vitamin E, and together they broaden antioxidant protection.